Analysis on the influencing factors of low back pain in the occupational workers of key industries in China / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the influencing factors of low back pain and the relationship of the influence of bad working posture, weight load and frequency of load and the dose-response relationship among the occupational workers of key industries in China. METHODS: A total of 57 501 employees from 15 key industries in China were selected as research subjects using stratified cluster sampling method. The occurrence of low back pain in the past one year, as well as occupational factors such as job type, labor organization and work posture were investigated by using the Chinese version Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of low back pain in the occupational population of key industries in China was 16.4%(9 448/57 501). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of low back pain in females was higher than that in males(P<0.01). Married, obese, occasional and frequent smokers, and a history of lower back disease were associated with increased risk of low back pain(all P<0.05). The risk of low back pain was associated with older age, higher education level, and lower frequency of physical exercise(all P<0.01). The risk of low back pain was higher with longer working time, greater back curvature, and the high frequency of long standing and sitting position work, uncomfortable working posture, repeated operation per minute, and lifting>5 kg weight(all P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The influencing factors of low back pain in the occupational population of key industries in China include bad working posture, high frequency load, weight load and other individual factors. There is a dose-response relationship with low back posture load and frequency of load.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors based on a quinoxaline scaffold / 药学学报

Based on the structure of inhibitors XL765 and WR23, the quinoxaline scaffold was selected as an attractive structure for drug design. In this protocol, the 2-position of quinoxaline was modified with a substituted phenoxy fragment. Meanwhile, the linking chain at the 3-position was changed to a sulfonyl hydrazine or was removed. A series of substituent groups were added at the 6-position of the quinoxaline scaffold. Twenty-two quinoline derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and ESI-MS. All compounds were screened for anti-tumor activity in vitro in A549, MCF-7, HCT-116 and HepG2 cancer cells. The results showed that P6b was effective, P6e and P6f had better activity against HCT116 (IC50 = 3.24, 4.78 and 4.50 μmol·L-1), and P6d had strong inhibitory effect on MCF-7 (IC50 = 0.228 7 μmol·L-1).

Value of Thermal Tomography in Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in Animal Models / 中国医学科学院学报

To obtain ultrasound and thermal tomography images of breast cancer during its growth and to assess the value of thermal tomography in detecting breast cancer. Breast cancer models were established with NOD/SCID mice and SD rats. These animal models were examined by thermal tomography,plain ultrasound,and contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Tumor tissues were stained with CD34 to explore the relationship between tumor heat production and vascular pathology. Thermal tomography detected breast cancer 2-4 days earlier than ultrasound. The expression of CD34 in tumor tissues was increased,along with thickened,increased,and irregular blood vessels. Thermal tomography can detect early breast cancer and is a promising tool for screening breast cancer.

Comparison of Elasticity Imaging and Virtual Touch Tissue Imaging and Quantification in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To compare the values of elasticity imaging(EI)and Virtual Touch tissue imaging and quantification(VTIQ)in diagnosing thyroid nodules and explore the factors influencing the accuracy of these two techniques.Methods Totally 62 patients who were planned to receive surgery for thyroid nodules underwent conventional ultrasound,EI,and VTIQ examinations.EI patterns were scored according to the degree and distribution of strain,the strain of nodule and surrounding normal reference tissue were measured,and then strain index was calculated.Shear wave velocity in nodules were obtained under VTIQ mode.Results The nodules were malignant in 40 patients and benign in 22 patients.When the strain score of 3 was regarded as malignant,the diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of EI in detecting thyroid nodules were 90.00%,31.82%,and 69.32%,respectively.Receiver operating characteristic curve results showed that the area under curves of EI-SI and VTIQ methods for diagnosing thyroid nodules was 77.8%(95%:0.64-0.91)(=0.000)and 74.3%(95%:0.62-0.87)(=0.002),respectively.Thyroid nodules' characteristics location(=0.04)and size(=0.02)were correlated with the diagnostic accuracy of EI.The accuracy of SI and VTIQ were not affected by thyroid nodules' characteristics(>0.05).Conclusions The diagnostic accuracy of EI for thyroid nodules is related to nodules' characteristics.EI combined with semi-quantitative SI and quantitative VTIQ can effectively improve the diagnostic capability for thyroid nodules.

Molecular Mechanisms of Breast Nodule Stiffness / 中国医学科学院学报

The texture of breast nodules has always the focus of clinical palpation,and the stiffness of breast nodules has been a hot research topic of ultrasound elastography. Both texture and stiffness are based on the principle that malignant tissue is stiffer than benign tissues,but the underlying mechanisms of breast nodule stiffness is not yet confirmed. Breast nodule stiffness is affected by both substance and mesenchyme,and the latter is an important factor. Collagen,as the major composition of the extra cell matrix,plays an important role in breast nodule stiffness. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of intracellular and extracellular changes in the formation of breast nodules.

Risk assessment of dietary exposure for organophosphates pesticides residues in some vegetables in Shaanxi Province / 预防医学

Objective To assess the dietary risk of organophosphates pesticides residues in some vegetables in Shaanxi Province. Methods The monitoring data of organophosphorus pesticides in vegetables from 2012 to 2016 were derived from Shaanxi Province Food Contamination Monitoring Network. The exposure of organophosphorus to vegetables by using exposure risk index (ERI) , dietary exposure risk index (RI) and dietary exposure risk assessment. Results Exposed risk index (ERI) of organophosphorus in some vegetables in Shaanxi Province ranged from 1.25E-06 to 1.87E-01, and among them, the highest ERI of clozaptid in garlic was 1.87E-01, followed by onion. In some vegetables, the highest exposure to organophosphorus was isocarbophos of fresh beans with an exposure of 4.27E-02 μg / (kg body weight · day) and the lowest dietary exposure was bulbs, and stems and fresh beans were 2.00E-04μg / (kg body weight·day) . The exposure of organophosphorus to all kinds of vegetables was less than their respective daily allowable intake (ADI) . The risk of dietary exposure to organic- phosphorus in vegetables was 187％ and greater than 100％ for the risk index (RI) of lettuce, and RI for all other vegetables was <100％. Conclusion The dietary exposure and risk index of organophosphates pesticides in some vegetables in Shaanxi Province was safe, and more attention should be paid to dimethoate and isazofos.

Effect of P-glycoprotein on the transmembrane absorption and metabolism of quercitrin on Caco-2 cells / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To explore the role of P-glycoprotein(P-gp)on cellular uptake and metabolism in the transmembrane transport of quercitrin.Methods Caco-2 cell monolayer and P-gp inhibitor Cyclosporin A(CysA)were used in the study.Quercitrin, quercetin,isorhamnetin and tamarixetin were determined by LC-MS to study cellular uptake and metabolism of quercitrin on Caco-2 cells.Results Uptake of quercitrin by Caco-2 cells:in different concentration groups of quercitrin coincubating with and without Cy?sA,intracellular accumulation presented the following characteristics:the amount of quercitrin first rose,reached the peak in 60 min and then declined to a steady-state in 120 min.And meanwhile there were significant differences between the two different processing groups incubating with and without CysA(P<0.05);quercetin was detected in all groups(3.0,9.0 and 27.0 mg/L).But in the higher concentration groups incubating with and without CysA,the intracellular quercetin presented a characteristics similar to its original glycosides and showed a significant difference(P<0.05),while the other groups showed no concentration-and time-dependence.At the same time,isorhamnetin and tamarixetin were detected in two higher concentration groups incubating with and without CysA, which showed the trend similar to the original glycosides but no significant difference was obtained between the two processing groups(P>0.05).Isorhamnetin and tamarixetin were not detected in the low and middle concentration groups.Transmembrane transport:on the basal lateral of all groups,the content of the quercitrin in 150 min incubation time showed a trend of continuous rise,and there was no significant difference between the two processing groups.Quercetin,isorhamnetin and tamarixetin were not detected.Conclu?sion Intact quercitrin could be absorbed into the Caco-2 cells and transported across the Caco-2 cell monolayer,and suffered a series of further metabolism in the Caco-2 cells and the basal side of Caco-2 cell monolayer,leading to different characteristics between intra?cellular accumulation and transmembrane transport.P-gp reduces the transmembrane transport of quercitrin by its efflux function,but did not involved in quercitrin metabolism.

Collateral circulation development and its influence between spleen and lung in patients after modified splenopneumopexy / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective To investigate the development and influence factors of collateral circulation between spleen and lung in patients with portal hypertension after modified splenopneumopexy.Methods Data of 59 patients from January 2009 to December 2014 were analyzed,and the development of collateral circulation between spleen and lung after surgery were evaluated with ultrasound.Patients were divided into obvious collaterals group (maximum collateral diameter ≥ 2 mm,n =43) and non-obvious collaterals group (maximum collateral diameter ＜ 2 mm,n =16) according to ultrasound examination 3 months after surgery.Gender,age,type of disease,Child-Pugh classification,free portal pressure,portal vein diameter,splenic vein diameter,splenic artery diameter,splenic length,ejection fraction,forced vital capacity rate of one second (FEV1％),whether partial splenectomy was performed,and management of splenic upper pole were recorded and analyzed between the two groups.Results 3 months after surgery obvious collateral circulation could be observed in 43 patients,6 months after surgery the number increased to 53 (x2 =4.526,P ＜ 0.05).Splenic length (t =2.092) and FEV1％ (t =2.233) were significantly higher in obvious collaterals group (all P ＜ 0.05),and there were no statistical differences in gender (x2 =0.092),age (t =-1.254),type of disease (x2 =1.565),Child-Pugh classification (Z =-1.821),free portal pressur (t =0.912),portal vein diameter (t =0.008),splenic vein diameter (t =-0.485),splenic artery diameter (t =0.397),ejection fraction (t =-0.852),whether partial splenectomy was performed (x2 =0.002),and management of splenic upper pole (x2 =1.731) between the two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Obvious collateral circulation can develop between spleen and lung in patients with portal hypertension after modified splenopneumopexy,and the development of collateral circulation is associated with splenic length and FEV1％.

Construction of Nude Mouse Model of Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Value of Thermal Tomography / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the early detection of breast cancer by ultrasonic imaging and thermal tomography of luciferase or green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line-xenografts in nude mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fluorescence-tagged lentiviral vectors were transfected into the triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. These cells were implanted either subcutaneously under the right breast pad or intravenously into the tail vein of nude BALB/C mice. Thermal tomography and ultrasound imaging were used to detect tumor formation and to monitor tumor growth and metastasis in vivo.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Triple negative breast cancer cell line-xenografts were used to successfully construct an orthotopic nude mice model of breast cancer metastasis in the peritoneum. Thermal tomography and ultrasound imaging were used together to detect small tumors. Thermal tomography imaging detected small tumors earlier than ultrasound imaging.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Thermal tomography can be used to monitor changes in tumor growth and detect abnormal tissue. Therefore, it can serve as a convenient,rapid,sensitive, and reliable technique for early screening of human breast cancer.</p>

Percutaneous Removal of Benign Breast Lesions with an Ultrasound-guided Vacuum-assisted System: Influence Factors in the Hematoma Formation / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To explore the influence factors in hematoma formation after removing benign breast lesions with an ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted system.Methods A total of 232 females with 312 benign breast masses received excisional biopsy with ultrasound- guided vacuum-assisted system. The pathology of patients, Results of hematoma development and outcome, influence factors for hematoma occurrence (nodule size, nodule location, number of nodule, breast shape, menstrual period, efficacy time of bandage, and application of hemostatic agents during the procedure) were recorded.Results Pathologic examination revealed fibroadenomas in 138 lesions, fibroadenosis in 127 lesions, intraductal papillomas in 39 lesions, inflammatory change in 4 lesions, retention cyst of the breast in 3 lesions, and benign phyllodes tumor in 1 lesion. Thirty hematomas were observed in patients (9.6%). Finally, 97.0% hematomas were absorbed completely within 6 months follow-up. The incidence rates of hematoma were increased by 24.7%, 10.0%, 63.2%, 13.9% in the nodule diameter larger or equal to 25 mm group, removal of larger or equal to two nodules once time from one patient group, menstrual period group, and larger and loose breast group, respectively (all P<0.05). However, the incidences were decreased by 60.6% in the bandage performed for 12-24 hours or beyond 24 hours group (P<0.05). The multiple logistic regression models revealed that nodule size (χ=15.227, P<0.001), number of nodule (χ=7.767, P=0.005), menstrual period (χ=24.530, P<0.001), and breast shape (χ=9.559, P=0.002) were independent risk factors associated with hematoma occurrence, but efficacy time of bandage was a protective factor associated with hematoma occurrence.Conclusion The occurrence of hematoma after the minimally invasive operation was associated with nodule size, number of nodule, menstrual period, breast shape, and efficacy time of bandage.

Efficacy and safety of intraocular implants:a Meta-analysis / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To systemically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of intraocular implants for vitreous retinal surgery.METHODS: We performed a comprehensive search for studies reporting vitreous surgery with intraocular implants randomized controlled and a retrospective controlled clinical trials from China Hownet ( CNKI ), Wanfang database, and VIP literature database. Studies obtained from those database were filtered according to the criteria, and data were retrieved from eligible studies for further analysis. Then we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intraocular implants using comprehensive Meta - analysis software version 2 (Biostat, Englewood, NJ). RESULTS: In total 36 studies were recruited for our Meta - analysis, including 5 092 cases. Meta analysis showed: 1) regarding the efficacy of repairing the retinal detachment, silicone oil was a better intraocular implants than C3 F8(OR= 1. 76; 95% CI: 1. 19-2. 60, P = 0. 0047) and SF6( OR = 4. 68; 95% CI: 1. 48 - 14. 81, P = 0. 0087); 2) regarding the risk of postoperative cataract, silicone oil showed significant higher risk than BBS (OR = 3. 24; 95%CI: 2. 10-4. 99, P= 1. 09 e-7), and C3 F8(OR= 3. 03; 95% CI:1. 50 - 6. 10, P = 0. 0019 ); 3 ) regarding the risk of postoperative intraocular pressure, silicone oil showed significant higher risk than BBS (OR= 6. 74; 95% CI: 3. 38-13. 41, P= 5. 67 e-08), and C3 F8 also showed a higher risk than BBS (OR= 4. 79; 95% CI: 2. 37-9. 68, P = 1. 29 e-05). In addition, silicone oil showed significant lower risk as compared with heavy silicone oil (OR= 0. 16; 95% CI: 0. 08-0. 53, P= 0. 0026). CONCLUSION: The intraocular implants for the treatment of retinal detachment in vitreous retinal surgery are mainly divided into two major categories, liquid and gas implants. The silicone oil, a major liquid implant, shows higher efficacy in terms of treating retinal detachment than the gas implants. However, the silicone oil is associated with a higher risk of postoperative cataract and intraocular pressure as compared with gas implants.

Performance of Ultrasonic Shear Wave Elastography in Assessing Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the best shear wave elastography (SWE) quantitative parameters including the maximum elasticity (Emax), mean elasticity(Emean), minimum elasticity, standard deviation and ratio of Emean (Eratio) in assessing benign and malignant breast lesions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 302 breast lesions underwent conventional ultrasound and SWE. Each lesion was classified according to ultrasound Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS). The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves were used to determine the cut-off values of SWE quantitative parameters and to suggest breast lesions as benign or malignant. The sensitivity,specificity and the Youden index (sum of sensitivity and specificity minus 1) of SWE quantitative parameters were compared,and then the sensitivity,specificity and the Youden index of the combinations of each SWE parameters in assessing breast lesions were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sensitivity,specificity and the Youden index of the Emax were 0.87,0.97 and 0.84,which were higher than other SWE parameters (all P<0.01). The sensitivity, specificity and the Youden index of Emax combined with ultrasound BI-RADS were 0.86,0.97 and 0.83, which were higher than other combinations (all P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Compared with other parameters, Emax has the best performance in assessing breast lesions. It can be used as an important quantitative indicator for the evaluation of benign and malignant breast lesions.</p>

Protective effect of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone on glutamate-induced retinal excitotoxicity / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background The excitotoxicity to retinal neurons caused by abnormal elevation of glutamate in retina is a common pathology concomitant with major blind-causing eye diseases.However,an effective approach to protect retinal neurons from glutamate-induced excitotoxicity is still lack.Intraperitoneal administration of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone(α-MSH)has been shown to protect hippocampal neurons from glutamate-induced excitotoxicity.Objective This study was to investigate the protective effect of α-MSH on glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in a chicken embryonic retinal explant culture system.Methods The retinas were isolated from chick embryos at embryonic day 9(E9) and cultured as explants.The explants at 3,5 and 7 days in vitro and the retinas at corresponding embryonic day 12,14 and 16(E12,E14,E16)were collected.The morphology of explant cultures was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining,and the expression of melanocortin receptors (MCRs)was analyzed by real-time PCR.In the experiment of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity,the retinal explants at 4 days in vitro were treated with glutamate for 48 hours,α-MSH was incubated with the explants 30 minutes before and during the glutamate treatment period.Then the apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL staining and quantified.The glutamate alone treated-explants and those treated with culture media were included as controls.The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) at 48 hours after treatment in all retinal explants was analyzed by real-time PCR.Results Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that the retinal explants exhibited similar morphology to those observed in the retinas from chick embryos at the corresponding developmental stages.The real-time PCR analyses of chick retinas showed that MC1R mRNA level at E9,E12,E14 and E16 was significantly lower than that in post-hatch day 1 (all P=0.000) ;whereas the transcript level of MC5R was significantly increased from E9 to E12 and E14 (both P =0.000),and then gradually decreased from E14 to P1.The expression of these genes showed similar temporal patterns in the retinal explant cultures.TUNEL staining revealed that treatment of the retinal explant cultures with α-MSH substantially and significantly reduced number of apoptotic cells induced by glutamate (P =0.000),which was accompanied by significant suppression of glutamate-induced GFAP up-regulation (P =0.000).Conclusions Application of α-MSH dramatically ameliorated glutamate-induced cell death in retinal explant cultures.This protective effect may be due to α-MSH-mediated suppression of astrogliosis caused by abnormal elevation of glutamate.

Effect of mineral trioxide aggregate on proliferation and differentiation of rat dental papilla cells / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of mineral trioxide aggregate(MTA) on the proliferation and differentiation of rat dental papilla cells(RDPC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>RDPC were cultured by tissue block method and identified.RDPC of the third passage were cultured with material extract fluid containing different mass concentrations of MTA (0.002, 0.02,0.2, 2 and 20 g/L) for 3 d, those cultured with routine culture fluid served as control group. The proliferation-related parameters were measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay. RDPC were cultured with material extract fluids containing 0.002 g/L MTA, those cultured with routine culture fluid served as control group, the activity of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) at 1, 3,5, 7 d and the level of collagen I at 1, 3,5 d were detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MTT results showed that the A value of RDPC of group 20 g/L (0.092 ± 0.011) was less than that of the control group (0.249 ± 0.006) at 3 d(P < 0.01), the A value of RDPC of group 0.02 g/L (0.267 ± 0.005) and 0.002 g/L (0.276 ± 0.006) were more than that of the control group (0.249 ± 0.006) at 3 d(P < 0.01). ALP detection proved that ALP activity of MTA at 3 d (0.217 ± 0.008), 5 d (0.253 ± 0.005) , 7 d (0.279 ± 0.004) were more than that of the control group at 3 d (0.166 ± 0.006) ,5 d (0.221 ± 0.006), 7 d (0.242 ± 0.004) (P < 0.01). Collagen I detection showed that the level of collagen I of MTA at 3 d[(78.46 ± 2.72) µg/L], 5 d[(90.73 ± 3.08) µg/L] were more than that of the control group at 3 d[ (66.75 ± 3.08) µg/L], [5 d (74.27 ± 3.50) µg/L] (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MTA of high concentrations can significantly inhibit cell growth, and of low concentrations can promote cells proliferation and differentiation.</p>

The value of age-adjusted D-dimer cut-off value in diagnosing deep vein thrombosis in elderly patients / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To validate the value of age-adjusted D-dimer combined with clinical probability to confirm or exclude deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in elderly patients.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Elderly patients ( ≥ 65 years) suspected with DVT were evaluated by Wells score and D-dimer test. All patients underwent ultrasonography examination except for patients with Wells score < 2 and negative D-dimer test results. Conventional cut-off value is 500 µg/L, while age-adjusted cut-off value is set as patient's age×10 µg/L. We compared the sensitivity and specificity using the 2 cut-off values in confirming or excluding the diagnoses of DVT.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The study population consisted of 624 patients [mean age(76.4 ± 19.3) years], DVT was confirmed in 192 (30.8%) patients. Using Wells score model, 326 patients (52.2%) were scored as unlikely DVT and DVT was confirmed by ultrasonography in 44 patients (13.5%), and 298 patients as likely DVT patients and DVT was confirmed in 148 patients (55.0%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value by conventional and age-adjusted D-dimer cut-off value for diagnosing DVT in low-risk patients evaluated by Wells score model were 95.5%, 40.4%, 20.0%, 98.3% and 95.5%, 61.0%, 27.6%, 87.1%, respectively, and which were 89.9%, 67.3%, 73.1%, 87.1% and 89.2%, 89.3%, 89.2%, 89.3%, respectively, in high-risk patients evaluated by Wells score model. Thus, specificity increased about 20% using age-adjusted D-dimer cut-off value compared with conventional D-dimer cut-off value.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The age-adjusted D-dimer cut-off value combined with clinical probability evaluation could increase diagnosing specificity of DVT in elderly patients.</p>

Determination of morroniside concentration in rat plasma by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry / 中国中药杂志

Morroniside, an iridoid glycoside extracted from Cornus officinalis, has multiple pharmacological effects such as neuroprotection. This study took the lead in establishing a method for determining morroniside concentration in rat plasma by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma samples were processed with protein precipitation method, with hyperoside as the internal standard. An Inertsil C8-3 column (2. 1 mm x 50 mm, 5 microm) was adopted, with a mobile phase composed of water (containing 1 mmol L-1 Sodium formate)-acetonitrile (gradient elution) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL . min -1. Electrospray ionization (ESI) was adopted in the positive ion mode for multi-reaction monitoring (MRM). Morroniside showed a good linear relationship ranging between 2-5 000 microg L-1 (r = 0. 995 7), with the minimum limit of quantification of 2 microg L-1. Its precise, accuracy, recovery and matrix effect were all in line with the biological sample measurement requirements. Therefore, the method described above was proved to be suitable for the determination of morroniside concentration in rat plasma. To use the method in the pharmacokinetic study on morroniside in rats, oral administration dose shall be set at 20 mg . kg - to map the plasma concentration-time curve. Main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 2. 0. Specifically, AUC0-inifinity was (587.6 +/- 290. 7) microg min L-1, Cmax was (334.2+/-148.0) microg L-1, Tmax was (0.6 +/-0.3) h, t1/2 was (0.7+/-0.3) h.

Achene morphology cluster analysis of Taraxacum F. H. Wigg. from northeast China and molecule systematics evidence determined by SRAP / 药学学报

The achenes morphological and micro-morphological characteristics of six species of genus Taraxacum from northeastern China as well as SRAP cluster analysis were observed for their classification evidences. The achenes were observed by microscope and EPMA. Cluster analysis was given on the basis of the size, shape, cone proportion, color and surface sculpture of achenes. The Taraxacum inter-species achene shape characteristic difference is obvious, particularly spinulose distribution and size, achene color and achene size; with the Taraxacum plant achene shape the cluster method T. antungense Kitag. and the T. urbanum Kitag. should combine for the identical kind; the achene morphology cluster analysis and the SRAP tagged molecule systematics's cluster result retrieves in the table with "the Chinese flora". The class group to divide the result is consistent. Taraxacum plant achene shape characteristic stable conservative, may carry on the inter-species division and the sibship analysis according to the achene shape characteristic combination difference; the achene morphology cluster analysis as well as the SRAP tagged molecule systematics confirmation support dandelion classification result of "the Chinese flora".

Establishment of cellular immunity of enhanced hepatitis B vaccine / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the method to detect the cellular immune response of enhanced hepatitis B vaccine and make verification preliminary.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunized BALB/c mice with enhanced hepatitis B vaccine and detected the IFN-gamma spots forming cells (SFC) of mouse spleen cell by Elispot. Optimized the conditions of the experiment. Cellular immune response between enhanced hepatitis B vaccine and normal hepatitis B vaccine by Elispot were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>IFN-gamma SFC was higher in 5microg dose than in 2microg dose after immunization with enhanced hepatitis B vaccine and IFN-gamma SFC was declined after immunization 3 weeks ago. IFN-gamma SFC was higher in stimulus by peptide than by protein. Compared to normal hepatitis B vaccine, IFN-gamma SFC was higher in enhanced hepatitis B vaccine.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Established the detection method to evaluate the cellular immunity of enhanced hepatitis B vaccine and tested the repeatability.</p>

Clinical value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome with inferior vena cava obstruction / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome with inferior vena cava (IVC) obstruction.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A total of 38 patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome with IVC obstruction were examined by CEUS before and after vascular interventional management, and the results were compared with angiographic findings.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The location and degree of IVC obstruction were clearly showed on CEUS. Enhancement was found in the occlusion site, and blood flow was narrowed at the stenosis site. The arrival time was earlier after treatment in the IVC obstruction, and it was positively correlated with the pressure of IVC( P< 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The location and type of the occlusion and stenosis in IVC can be accurately determined by CEUS. Therefore, CEUS can provide useful information for the selection of surgical procedures and post-operative effectiveness.</p>

Comparative proteomic approach in differentiating multicentric occurrence and intrahepatic metastasis in multinodular hepatocellular carcinomas / 癌症

<p><b>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE</b>Multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) might originate from multicentric occurrence (MO) or intrahepatic metastasis(IM). This study was to find out proteins which play important roles in clonal origin of multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma bt screening the differentially expressed proteins between the MO and IM tissues using comparative proteomic analysis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Total protein extracted was separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Comparative analyses of the 2-DE protein patterns between the two groups were carried out using computerized imaging techniques. Proteins exhibiting significant alternations were subsequently isolated and identified by mass spectrometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total 1025+/-52 and 900+/-98 spots were detected in the protein profile in IM and MO, respectively. Twenty-five protein spots were statistically different at expression levels between the two groups. Twenty of them were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS and bioinformatics.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The protein profile of MO HCC tissues is different from that in IM HCC tissues. The twenty differentially expressed proteins might play a key role in the carcinogenesis and progression of multinodular HCC. These newly identified proteins might be potential and valuable biomarkers for identifying the multinodular HCC of clonal origin.</p>